Stacked Deutsch "well-stacked" Deutsch Übersetzung
Englisch-Deutsch-Übersetzungen für stacked im Online-Wörterbuch laurencelibert.be (Deutschwörterbuch). Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'stacked' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten ✓ Aussprache und. Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "to be stacked" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen. Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "stacked" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen. Übersetzung Englisch-Deutsch für stacked im PONS Online-Wörterbuch nachschlagen! Gratis Vokabeltrainer, Verbtabellen, Aussprachefunktion.

Masses and large amounts of things. You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: The breast. Want to learn more?
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While benzene does not have a dipole moment, it has a strong quadrupole moment. The quadrupole moment is reversed for hexafluorobenzene due to the electronegativity of fluorine.
By offsetting one of the benzene rings, the parallel displaced configuration reduces these repulsive interactions and is stabilized.
The large polarizability of aromatic rings lead to dispersive interactions as major contribution to stacking effects.
These play a major role for interactions of nucleobases e. The ability to fine-tune pi stacking interactions would be useful in numerous synthetic efforts.
One example would be to increase the binding affinity of a small-molecule inhibitor to an enzyme pocket containing aromatic residues. The effects of heteroatoms [2] and substituents on pi stacking interactions is difficult to model and a matter of debate.
An early model for the role of substituents in pi stacking interactions was proposed by Hunter and Sanders. According to their model, electron-withdrawing groups reduce the negative quadrupole of the aromatic ring and thereby favor parallel displaced and sandwich conformations.
Contrastingly, electron donating groups increase the negative quadrupole, which may increase the interaction strength in a T-shaped configuration with the proper geometry.
Based on this model, the authors proposed a set of rules governing pi stacking interactions which prevailed until more sophisticated computations were applied.
Experimental evidence for the Hunter—Sanders model was provided by Siegel et al. The authors reported that aryl rings with electron-withdrawing substituents had higher barriers to rotation.
The interpretation of this result was that these groups reduced the electron density of the aromatic rings, allowing more favorable sandwich pi stacking interactions and thus a higher barrier.
In other words, the electron-withdrawing groups resulted in "less unfavorable" electrostatic interactions in the ground state.
Hunter et al. The single mutation, in this case changing a substituent on an aromatic ring, results in secondary effects such as a change in hydrogen bond strength.
The double mutation quantifies these secondary interactions, such that even a weak interaction of interest can be dissected from the array. Their results indicate that more electron-withdrawing substituents have less repulsive pi stacking interactions.
Correspondingly, this trend was exactly inverted for interactions with pentafluorophenylbenzene, which has a quadrupole moment equal in magnitude but opposite in sign as that of benzene.
However, the stacking interactions measured using the double mutant method were surprisingly small, and the authors note that the values may not be transferable to other systems.
In a follow-up study, Hunter et al. Indeed, the interplay of these two factors may result in the complicated substituent- and geometry-dependent behavior of pi stacking interactions.
The Hunter—Sanders model has been criticized by numerous research groups offering contradictory experimental and computational evidence of pi stacking interactions that are not governed primarily by electrostatic effects.
The clearest experimental evidence against electrostatic substituent effects was reported by Rashkin and Waters. In their system, a methylene linker prohibits favorable T-shaped interactions.
As in previous models, the relative strength of pi stacking interactions was measured by NMR as the rate of rotation about the biaryl bond, as pi stacking interactions are disrupted in the transition state.
Para-substituted rings had small rotational barriers which increased with increasingly electron-withdrawing groups, consistent with prior findings.
However, meta-substituted rings had much larger barriers of rotation despite having nearly identical electron densities in the aromatic ring.
The authors explain this discrepancy as direct interaction of the edge of hydrogen atoms of one ring with the electronegative substituents on the other ring.
This claim is supported by chemical shift data of the proton in question. Much of the detailed analyses of the relative contributions of factors in pi stacking have been borne out by computation.
Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets. The conventional understanding of pi stacking involves quadrupole Pokre between delocalized electrons in p-orbitals. Deutsch-Englisch-Übersetzung für: stacked on Invasion Der Edelsteine of each other. In other words, aromaticity should be required for this interaction to occur. As a result, Roulette Strategie and cation—pi interactions are important factors in rational drug design. Olmstead You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: The breast. One example would be to increase the binding affinity of a small-molecule Tattoo Free Games to an enzyme pocket containing aromatic residues. Word lists shared by our community of dictionary fans.
5 comments
ist gar nicht einverstanden
Ich lehne ab.
Ich entschuldige mich, aber meiner Meinung nach lassen Sie den Fehler zu.
Logisch
Absolut ist mit Ihnen einverstanden. Darin ist etwas auch mir scheint es die gute Idee. Ich bin mit Ihnen einverstanden.